关于鼻炎

关于过敏性鼻炎

过敏性鼻炎通常对患者的生活质量产生重大影响。睡眠障碍和日常疲劳等症状，以及不恰当地使用抗组胺药，会导致学习和工作受到很大影响。

鼻炎一般分为两类：过敏性和非过敏性。区分过敏性和非过敏性鼻炎是至关重要的，因为有一半的患者为他们报告的过敏性鼻炎开了抗组胺药，症状却是由于过敏引起的。

只有几分钟？先看看这些文章：

什么是过敏性鼻炎

过敏性鼻炎的病因

变应性鼻炎神话

如何预防过敏性鼻炎

 

鼻炎一词的  意思是“鼻子发炎”。鼻子产生的粘液称为鼻涕，通常稀薄而透明。它有助于防止灰尘，碎屑和过敏原进入肺部。粘液会捕获灰尘和花粉等颗粒，以及细菌和病毒。

鼻涕通常会排泄您的喉咙，您大部分时间都不知道这一点，因为它很小且很薄。鼻子受刺激时，可能会产生更多的鼻涕，变得粘稠而浅黄色。鼻涕可能开始从鼻子的前面和后面流动。鼻涕中的物质可能会刺激喉咙后部并引起咳嗽。当更多的鼻涕从喉咙后部排出时，就会发生鼻后滴漏。

什么原因引起鼻炎？

刺激性或过敏原（引起过敏反应的物质）可能引起鼻炎。人体细胞通过释放组胺 和其他化学物质而对这些刺激物或过敏原产生反应 。鼻炎通常是暂时的。几天后，它对许多人自行清除。在其他人中，尤其是那些过敏的人，鼻炎可能是一个长期的问题。慢性意味着它几乎总是存在或经常复发。接触过敏原可导致鼻炎持续数周至数月。

鼻炎有哪些类型？

鼻炎有几种类型：

  • 过敏性鼻炎是由对称为过敏原的物质的过敏引起的。  
     
  • 季节性过敏性鼻炎有时被称为“花粉症”。但是，患有季节性过敏性鼻炎的人不必发烧，也不必暴露在干草中即可发展这种状况。对树木，草木和杂草的花粉是一种过敏反应。这种类型的鼻炎主要发生在春季和秋季，当空气中有树木，草和杂草的花粉时。
     
  • 常年性变应性鼻炎是由常年存在的变应原引起的。这类鼻炎的主要原因是对尘螨，霉菌，动物皮屑和蟑螂碎片的过敏。
     
  • 非过敏性鼻炎不是由过敏原引起的。烟雾，化学药品或其他刺激性环境条件可能会引发非过敏性鼻炎。激素变化，鼻子的身体缺陷（如鼻中隔偏斜）和鼻喷雾剂的过度使用也可能导致这种情况。有时是药物引起的。通常，这种鼻炎的病因尚不清楚。但这在非过敏性哮喘患者中很常见。症状类似于过敏症状。
     
  • 感染性鼻炎可能是最常见的鼻炎类型。也被称为普通感冒或上呼吸道感染（URI）。当感冒病毒落入鼻子和鼻窦腔的粘膜并引起感染时，就会发生感冒。

鼻炎的症状是什么？

鼻炎的症状包括：

  • 鼻子和眼睛发痒
  • 打喷嚏
  • 鼻塞（充血）
  • 流鼻涕
  • 喉咙粘液（痰）（滴鼻后）

是过敏还是感冒？

有时很难区分过敏和普通感冒之间的区别。有一百多种感冒病毒。每种病在一年中的某些时候都趋于普遍，这就是为什么您可能将感冒误认为是季节性过敏。过敏会在每年的同一时间发生，并且只要空气中的过敏原就持续存在（通常每个过敏原2-3周）。过敏会导致鼻子和眼睛发痒以及其他鼻部症状。感冒持续约一个星期，鼻子和眼睛发痒的情况减少。

过敏性鼻炎有哪些治疗方法？

第一个也是最好的选择是避免接触会引起鼻过敏的物质（过敏原）。如果预防措施还不够，请考虑使用非处方药或处方药：

  • 抗组胺药可以通过口腔或鼻腔喷雾剂服用。它们可以缓解鼻子和眼睛的打喷嚏和瘙痒。它们还可以减少流鼻涕，并在较小程度上减少鼻塞。
  • 消充血剂可以通过口腔或鼻喷雾剂或滴剂服用。它们有助于收缩鼻腔内壁，减轻鼻塞。这些滴鼻剂和喷雾剂应短期服用。
  • 鼻皮质激素以鼻喷雾剂形式使用。它们减少鼻子发炎并阻止过敏反应。它们是变应性鼻炎最有效的药物类型，因为它们可以减轻所有症状，包括鼻塞。鼻皮质类固醇几乎没有副作用。
  • 白三烯受体拮抗剂阻断了除过敏反应以外的组胺以外的重要化学信使的作用。
  • Cromolyn钠是一种鼻喷雾剂，可阻止释放引起过敏症状的化学物质，包括组胺和白三烯。这种药物几乎没有副作用，但是您必须每天服用四次。

去除过敏原或治疗过敏后，鼻部过敏症状可能会完全消失。与您的药剂师和医疗保健提供者讨论最适合您的。

许多过敏症患者不能完全从药物中缓解。他们可能是免疫疗法的候选人。Usa hhb 特色中医取嚏活血法可以通过改变机体对过敏原的免疫反应来帮助预防或减轻过敏反应的严重程度，并改变过敏性疾病的病程。

如何预防过敏性鼻炎？

第一个也是最好的选择是避免接触过敏原。其他预防技巧是：

  • 请勿触摸或摩擦鼻子。
  • 经常用肥皂和水洗手。
  • 用热水和清洁剂清洗床单和枕套，以减少过敏原。
  • 为枕头，被子，羽绒被，床垫和弹簧床垫使用防尘螨罩。
  • 将宠物带出卧室，以减少床上用品中的宠物皮屑过敏原。
  • 戴上墨镜和宽边帽，以减少花粉进入您的眼睛。
  • 在高花粉和霉菌季节，请关闭窗户。

About Rhinitis

Seasonal allergies, often called rhinitis or hay fever, can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life and has a significant burden on the healthcare system. Symptoms such as sleep disturbance and daily fatigue, along with inappropriate use of antihistamines, can result in impaired performance at school and work.

Rhinitis is generally divided into two groups: allergic and non-allergic. Differentiating between allergic and non-allergic rhinitis is critical, as half of patients prescribed antihistamines for their reported allergic rhinitis have symptoms that are not due to allergy.

 

Only have a few minutes? Check out these articles first:

What Is allergic rhinitis

 Causes of allergic rhinitis

allergic rhinitis Myths

 How to Pop a allergic rhinitis

 

Rhinitis (Nasal Allergies)

What Is Rhinitis?

The word rhinitis means “inflammation of the nose.” The nose produces fluid called mucus. This fluid is normally thin and clear. It helps to keep dust, debris and allergens out of the lungs. Mucus traps particles like dust and pollen, as well as bacteria and viruses.

Mucus usually drains down the back of your throat. You’re not aware of this most of the time because it is a small amount and is thin. When the nose becomes irritated, it may produce more mucus, which becomes thick and pale yellow. The mucus may begin to flow from the front of the nose as well as the back. Substances in the mucus may irritate the back of the throat and cause coughing. Postnasal drip occurs when more mucus drains down the back of the throat.

What Causes Rhinitis?

Irritants or allergens (substances that provoke an allergic response) may cause rhinitis. The cells of your body react to these irritants or allergens by releasing histamine and other chemicals. Rhinitis is often a temporary condition. It clears up on its own after a few days for many people. In others, especially those with allergies, rhinitis can be a chronic problem. Chronic means it is almost always present or recurs often. Rhinitis can last for weeks to months with allergen exposure.

What Are the Types of Rhinitis?

There are several types of rhinitis:

  • Allergic rhinitis is caused by allergies to substances called allergens.  
     
  • Seasonal allergic rhinitis is sometimes called “hay fever.” But, people with seasonal allergic rhinitis do not have to have a fever and do not have to be exposed to hay to develop this condition. It is an allergic reaction to pollen from trees, grasses and weeds. This type of rhinitis occurs mainly in the spring and fall, when pollen from trees, grasses and weeds are in the air.
     
  • Perennial allergic rhinitis is caused by allergens that are present all year long. The primary causes of this type of rhinitis are allergies to dust mites, mold, animal dander and cockroach debris.
     
  • Non-allergic rhinitis is not caused by allergens. Smoke, chemicals or other irritating environmental conditions may provoke non-allergic rhinitis. Hormonal changes, physical defects of the nose (like a deviated septum) and the overuse of nose sprays may also cause it. Sometimes medications cause it. Often, the cause of this type of rhinitis is not well understood. But it is common in patients with non-allergic asthma. The symptoms are similar to allergy symptoms.
     
  • Infectious rhinitis is possibly the most common type of rhinitis. It is also known as the common cold or upper respiratory infection (URI). Colds occur when a cold virus settles into the mucous membranes of the nose and sinus cavities and causes an infection.

What Are the Symptoms of Rhinitis?

Rhinitis symptoms include:

  • Itching in the nose and eyes
  • Sneezing
  • Stuffy nose (congestion)
  • Runny nose
  • Mucus (phlegm) in the throat (postnasal drip)

Is It Allergies or a Cold?

Sometimes it can be hard to tell the difference between allergies and the common cold. There are more than a hundred strains of cold viruses. Each tends to become widespread at certain times of the year, which is why you may mistake a cold for a seasonal allergy. Allergies occur at the same time every year and last as long as the allergen is in the air (usually 2-3 weeks per allergen). Allergies cause itching of the nose and eyes along with other nasal symptoms. Colds last about one week and have less itching of the nose and eyes.

What Are the Treatments for Allergic Rhinitis?

The first and best option is to avoid contact with substances that trigger your nasal allergies (allergens). When prevention is not enough, consider using over-the-counter or prescription medicines:

  • Antihistamines are taken by mouth or as a nasal spray. They can relieve sneezing and itching in the nose and eyes. They also reduce a runny nose and, to a lesser extent, nasal stuffiness.
  • Decongestants are taken by mouth or as a nasal spray or drops. They help shrink the lining of the nasal passages which relieves nasal stuffiness. These nose drops and sprays should be taken short-term.
  • Nasal corticosteroids are used in nasal spray form. They reduce inflammation in the nose and block allergic reactions. They are the most effective medicine type for allergic rhinitis because they can reduce all symptoms, including nasal congestion. Nasal corticosteroids have few side effects.
  • Leukotriene receptor antagonists block the action of important chemical messengers other than histamine that are involved in allergic reactions.
  • Cromolyn sodium is a nasal spray that blocks the release of chemicals that cause allergy symptoms, including histamine and leukotrienes. This medicine has few side effects, but you must take it four times a day.

Nasal allergy symptoms may disappear completely when the allergen is removed or after the allergy is treated. Talk to your pharmacist and health care provider about what is best for you.

Many people with allergies do not get complete relief from medications. They may be candidates for immunotherapy. Usa hhb Take Sneezing Blood Activating Regimen is a long-term treatment that can help prevent or reduce the severity of allergic reactions and change the course of allergic disease by modifying the body’s immune response to allergens.

How Can I Prevent Allergic Rhinitis?

The first and best option is to avoid contact with allergens. Other prevention tips are:

  • Don’t touch or rub your nose.
  • Wash your hands often with soap and water.
  • Wash your bed linens and pillowcases in hot water and detergent to reduce allergens.
  • Use dust-mite proof covers for pillows, comforters, duvets, mattresses and box springs.
  • Keep pets out of the bedroom to reduce pet dander allergen in your bedding.
  • Wear sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat to reduce pollen getting into your eyes.
  • Keep windows closed during high pollen and mold seasons.